A CO₂ laser is the best and most versatile choice for both engraving and cutting leather. Its wavelength is ideally suited for organic materials, resulting in clean, high-quality finishes. For a more subtle and refined result, the fiber laser is an excellent alternative. It allows for precise control over pulse duration, which can create very clean, high-contrast surface marks on leather with minimal burning or charring. For hobbyists on a budget focused purely on engraving, a diode laser is also a viable option, producing a dark mark similar to a CO₂ laser, though typically with less power and speed.

Vegetable-tanned leather is the gold standard for laser processing, responding beautifully to both cutting and engraving while producing excellent contrast and minimal odor. Full-grain and top-grain leathers also work well, offering durability and consistent results. The ideal thickness range for most laser work is between 2-8 ounces (approximately 0.8-3.2mm), though this can vary based on your laser's power.

You should avoid chrome-tanned leather, which releases toxic fumes, and any artificial leather containing PVC. Suede and nubuck can be laser processed but require careful attention to settings as their fuzzy surface chars easily. When in doubt, always perform a small test cut to verify the material's suitability and to check for any unusual odors or reactions.

Power is too high or speed too low, the laser is out of focus, or the leather has synthetic coatings or chrome; reduce energy, refocus, test another piece, and improve extraction.

Light sanding or clear coating enhances appearance and durability, but many projects can be used directly after cutting.

Marking leather is a light surface color change using lower energy, while engraving removes more material for a deeper effect; both are controlled by power, speed, and number of passes.